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Grammar Drives Writing System Evolution. Lessons From the Birth of Vowels Daniel Harbour  Download (271.01 kB) Abstract. Vowel omission is a common trait of Afroasiatic writing systems. The current article places this observation on empirically firm footing by showing that, across a large range of cases, the transmission of alphabetic writing within Afroasiatic shows only minimal increases in vowel writing, in contrast to transmission beyond Afroasiatic, where vowel writing markedly increases. This correlation is analysed as a reflex of grammatical differences between Afroasiatic and non-Afroasiatic languages, connected to the predictability of vowels from grammatical and pragmatic context. Where they are not contextually recoverable, omitted vowels amount, owing to Afroasiatic grammar, to omitted morphemes, a feature of other writing systems, including early Chinese and Sumerian. As a result, both the underrepresentation of vowels within Afroasiatic writing systems and the increase in vowel representation beyond Afroasiatic represent adaptations of writing systems to grammatical niches. Philographic theory must therefore recognise grammar as a driving force in writing system evolution. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36824/2020-graf-harb References References in BIB How to cite How to cite in BIB Adiego, Ignasi-Xavier (2007). The Carian Language. Leiden: Brill. _____________ (2020). “Consonant Clusters, Defective Notation of Vowels and Syllable Structure in Caromemphite.” In: Hrozný and Hittite: The First Hundred Years. Ed. by Ronald I. Kim, Jana Mynářová, and Peter Pavúk. Leiden: Brill, pp. 95–119. Alster, Bendt (2005). Wisdom Of Ancient Sumer. University Park, PA: Eisenbrauns. Arad, Maya (2005). Roots and Patterns: Hebrew Morpho-Syntax. Dordrecht: Springer. 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Leiden: Brill, pp. 225–260. @BOOK{adiego:07, AUTHOR = {Ignasi-Xavier Adiego}, TITLE = {The {C}arian Language}, PUBLISHER = {Brill}, ADDRESS = {Leiden}, YEAR = {2007}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{adiego:20, AUTHOR = {Ignasi-Xavier Adiego}, EDITOR = {Kim, Ronald I. and Jana Mynářová and Peter Pavúk}, TITLE = {Consonant Clusters, Defective Notation of Vowels and Syllable Structure in {C}aromemphite}, BOOKTITLE = {Hrozný and {H}ittite: {T}he First Hundred Years}, PUBLISHER = {Brill}, ADDRESS = {Leiden}, YEAR = {2020}, PAGES = {95--119}, } @BOOK{alster:05, AUTHOR = {Bendt Alster}, TITLE = {Wisdom Of Ancient {S}umer}, PUBLISHER = {Eisenbrauns}, ADDRESS = {University Park, PA}, YEAR = {2005}, } @BOOK{arad:05, AUTHOR = {Maya Arad}, TITLE = {Roots and Patterns: {H}ebrew Morpho-Syntax}, PUBLISHER = {Springer}, ADDRESS = {Dordrecht}, YEAR = {2005}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{banafunzi-vianello:14, AUTHOR = {Bana Banafunzi and Alessandra Vianello}, EDITOR = {Meikal Mumin and Kees Versteegh}, TITLE = {Chimi:ni in {A}rabic Script: {E}xamples from {B}rava Poetry}, BOOKTITLE = {The {A}rabic Script in {A}frica: {S}tudies in the Use of a Writing System}, PUBLISHER = {Brill}, ADDRESS = {Leiden}, YEAR = {2014}, PAGES = {293--310}, } @BOOK{baxter-sagart:14, AUTHOR = {William Baxter and Laurent Sagart}, TITLE = {Old {C}hinese: {A} New Reconstruction}, PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press}, ADDRESS = {Oxford}, YEAR = {2014}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{bondarev:14, AUTHOR = {Dmitry Bondarev}, EDITOR = {Meikal Mumin and Kees Versteegh}, TITLE = {Old {K}anumbu and {K}anuri in {A}rabic Script: {P}honology through the Graphic System}, BOOKTITLE = {The {A}rabic Script in {A}frica: {S}tudies in the Use of a Writing System}, PUBLISHER = {Brill}, ADDRESS = {Leiden}, YEAR = {2014}, PAGES = {107--142}, } @ARTICLE{cathcart:11, AUTHOR = {Cathcart, Kevin J.}, TITLE = {The Earliest Contributions to the Decipherment of {S}umerian and {A}kkadian}, JOURNAL = {Cuneiform Digital Library Journal}, YEAR = {2011}, VOLUME = {1}, PAGES = {1--12}, URL = {www.cdli.ucla.edu/pubs/cdlj/2011/cdlj2011\_001.html}, } @BOOK{coulmas:03, AUTHOR = {Florian Coulmas}, TITLE = {Writing Systems: {A}n Introduction to the Linguistic Analysis}, PUBLISHER = {Blackwells}, ADDRESS = {Oxford}, YEAR = {2003}, } @MISC{crellin:18, AUTHOR = {Robert Crellin}, TITLE = {Measuring Ambiguity in the {W}est-{S}emitic Abjad}, YEAR = {2018}, NOTE = {Paper presented at the {M}ainz {I}nternational {C}olloquium on {A}ncient {H}ebrew}, } @BOOK{cross-freedman:52, AUTHOR = {Cross, Frank M., Jr. and Freedman, David N.}, TITLE = {Early {H}ebrew Orthography: {A} Study of the Epigraphic Evidence}, PUBLISHER = {American Oriental Society}, ADDRESS = {New Haven, CT}, YEAR = {1952}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{daniels:14, AUTHOR = {Daniels, Peter T.}, EDITOR = {Meikal Mumin and Kees Versteegh}, TITLE = {The Type and Spread of {A}rabic Script}, BOOKTITLE = {The {A}rabic Script in {A}frica: {S}tudies in the Use of a Writing System}, PUBLISHER = {Brill}, ADDRESS = {Leiden}, YEAR = {2014}, PAGES = {25--39}, } @ARTICLE{darnell:05, AUTHOR = {Darnell, John Coleman and F.~W. 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Boston}, YEAR = {2019}, PAGES = {273--296}, URL = {doi.org/10.1515/9783110639063-011}, } @BOOK{taylor:83, AUTHOR = {Isaac Taylor}, TITLE = {The Alphabet: {A}n Account of the Origin and Development of Letters}, PUBLISHER = {Kegan Paul, Trench}, ADDRESS = {London}, YEAR = {1883}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{vydrin:14, AUTHOR = {Valentin Vydrin}, EDITOR = {Meikal Mumin and Kees Versteegh}, TITLE = {Ajami Scripts for {M}ande Languages}, BOOKTITLE = {The {A}rabic Script in {A}frica: {S}tudies in the Use of a Writing System}, PUBLISHER = {Brill}, ADDRESS = {Leiden}, YEAR = {2014}, PAGES = {199--224}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{vydrin-dumestre:14, AUTHOR = {Valentin Vydrin and G\'erard Dumestre}, EDITOR = {Meikal Mumin and Kees Versteegh}, TITLE = {Manding Ajami Samples: {M}andinka and {B}amana}, BOOKTITLE = {The {A}rabic Script in {A}frica: {S}tudies in the Use of a Writing System}, PUBLISHER = {Brill}, ADDRESS = {Leiden}, YEAR = {2014}, PAGES = {225--260}, } Daniel Harbour (2020), “Grammar Drives Writing System Evolution. Lessons From the Birth of Vowels,” in Proceedings of Grapholinguistics in the 21st Century, 2020 (Yannis Haralambous, Ed.), Grapholinguistics and Its Applications, Vol. 4, Brest: Fluxus Editions, 201–221. @INPROCEEDINGS{gla4-harb, AUTHOR = {Daniel Harbour}, EDITOR = {Haralambous, Yannis}, TITLE = {{Grammar Drives Writing System Evolution. Lessons From the Birth of Vowels}}, BOOKTITLE = {{Proceedings of Grapholinguistics in the 21st Century, 2020}}, SERIES = {{Grapholinguistics and Its Applications}}, VOLUME = {4}, PUBLISHER = {Fluxus Editions}, ADDRESS = {Brest}, YEAR = {2020}, PAGES = {201--221}, DOI = {https://doi.org/10.36824/2020-graf-harb}, }